Reconstruction of buildings and structures
Huditsky B. New Life Potocki Palace / / Construction and reconstruction. . September 13, 2001 (в„– 9). S. 33
After a long stagnation of building w Lev begins again restoration revival. At this time the focus of restorers architectural monument of the XIX century - Potocki palace. It is assumed that in October it is here to gather the Presidents of the next summit.
History of the Palace of Potocki
Potocki Palace was built in 1880, designed by the French architect Louis de Verney, with the participation of Lviv architect Yuhnana Tsibulsky place a small estate, also owned by Potocki. At that time in Europe was widespread fashion for French architecture, such as palaces built from Portugal to the Urals. Sami Potocki had outside Lviv many different homes and estates, with its palaces, parks and lakes. Therefore Palace in Lviv was constructed as a palace for receptions, important meetings. The land on which they decided to build the palace, is perfectly suited for these purposes. Even after a substantial portion of the land Potocki was sold under the urban housing development, its size is impressive. Initially, there is a large park. By the end of XIX" the beginning of XX centuries around the palace Potocki erected a number of multi-storey buildings, which are usually out on the street frontage and rear" in the direction of the palace. If you now look out of windows on the third floor, you can see the unsightly back yards, balconies ... Manor lost its former glory and is partly the fault of themselves Potocki.
Already in the mid-90's, when in Lviv was decided to build a Palace of Art, drew attention to the area around the palace Potocki. House, located next to him, stayed in a bad state, destroyed. They decided to demolish and build this place for the building of the Palace of Arts. Of the many other projects Contest Committee selected the work of the architect Basil Mason.Many of his colleagues to this day do not understand the intent of the author. But, as admitted Vasily V., he deliberately wanted to create next to the palace Potocki background architecture of the building, obviously subordinate Palace, with its forms does not hinder the monuments. No wonder the new building is almost devoid of windows. "It's almost pavilion architecture"" Basil Mason said.
For receptions in the palace Potocki had provided everything: space for the entrance of the crew, meetings and receptions, room for clothes, numerous lounges. The total area of the palace is 3100 square meters. Of these, ground floor is 900 sq ft, first floor, designed for receptions" 800 sq.m.
Located in the heart of the city and the device Potocki Palace, it is convenient and placed here since 1972, the Wedding Palace. But his bosses did not have the funds to maintain the building in proper form, as evidenced by his current condition.
Motives of change of ownership of the building
Lviv collection of paintings" One of the best in Europe. Some pictures, as always, is in the palace Potocki among ancient fireplaces, mirrors, bronze and marble decorations. These paintings complement the interiors.
Recently, after long discussions it was decided to return to its former Potocki Palace purpose and combine it an art gallery and venue for the reception of important guests. To do this at the time the international reception here will be flags of the meeting participants. Just arrived Poles with lock Potocki in Lyantsut.
Status of the palace and anti
In the first phase of restoration work required the building of the palace is not so much intervention of restorers, many professionals who would have eliminated its emergency condition. Therefore, over the reins at this time transferred to the Institute "Містопроект. Today these works are nearing completion.
Says the chief architect of the reconstruction project, the architect "Містопроект" James Mason:
- Palace of Potocki no luck yet in 1920 when, during a celebration on its roof fallen military aircraft.His fall caused a fire that had brought great destruction on the roof, made of very rare material" slate slate. The roof was repaired, but used some other stuff, changed the face of the building.
Much damage was done by the building formerly inept management. Thus, during the transfer of the building under the Wedding Palace it had repair utilities. But did it without thinking. Replacing part of the water and sewer networks, the old cut and piled. After some time, rusted pipes, and water under high pressure eroded the pound. It was damaged by sewage, and waste water went under the foundations. When, in 1998, were discovered engineering services, per pound found failures.
Practical measures to save the palace were made only recently, when the building was decided to send a 10-year lease Art Gallery. A detailed inspection of buildings showed the poor state of its utilities. As unsightly as well as the abode interiors. In his time with the device of the central heating work, regardless of the valuable furniture of the walls, marble decorations attached to a wall of iron crutches tubes and batteries. Today, the old utilities dismantle the walls and hide in their column. Then, these rooms will be renovated.
These different restoration approaches
Restore Potocki palace began back in previous years. Through the preparation of Lviv to the summit of presidents in 1999 Kopernik been repaired and most of the utilities that are suitable to the building of the palace. Now, by the restoration of the facade of the building, the wings (storozhek at the gate), is restored to its former shape roof, will be made on landscaping of the palace, restore its interior. This part of the work entrusted to the Institute Ukrzahidproektrestavratsiya "under the leadership of Ivan Mogitycha.
Once the main was completed Emergency Response, began restoration work.Restoration of the building began with the roof in May of this year. It was decided to return the building to cover the shale, and decorative elements are made of zinc. Not everyone shared this idea. Proposed that the building is copper, it is supposedly more durable. But it was not here before" disagreed restorers. Moreover, modern copper with time estimates of location is not green, as can be seen in old buildings, and dark brown to black. Slate is surrounded by a light gray border zinc decor looks much more interesting than today's copper. Now most of the shale material is imported from the Czech Republic in Lviv. But since this material is very expensive, it was decided to replace only part of the roof, visible from Kopernik. The rest of the roof, to cover the old slate tiles. Slate will also be covered by outbuildings and guard houses.
According to Head of Architecture and the restoration workshop of the Institute "Ukrzahidproektrestavratsiya Eugene Sobolewski, a scale and at such time reconstruction work in Lviv have not yet conducted. Complexity" the need to qualitatively carry out very important work to deadlines.
The next after the restoration of the roof should be measures to restore drainage and waterways. But there is no time, and much has to be carried in parallel. Studies have shown that from subsidence and strains have been particularly affected facades. Within the walls there were serious cracks in many places no longer plaster. Greatest damage" on the attic floor, where in due time by the fire cracked and fell apart even stone sandriks sunroofs. The former owners closed down the elements of galvanized iron.
According to Eugene Sobolev, today is the best way out" use light plastic materials for the restoration of the lost stone architectural details. These materials were successfully used in the restoration of the Lviv Opera House, the Grand Hotel, in Castle Podgoretskii of them carried the figure of Atlanta, etc.
- We can restore emergency or lost items from artificial materials" says Eugene Zigmuntovich." Some of them, for example, emergency stone vases, located on the crowning cornice around the perimeter of the building will be dismantled immediately, because they are dangerous to people working below. And only then will decide what material to meet them again.
Many losses occurred due to natural weathering and destruction of stone on the facades. Change shall be part of the stone facing ground floor, terraces, fences, retaining walls and fence of the front entrance of Kopernik. Restoration of these parts of the building is from the same material. Builders already are imported stone from the neighboring areas" Skolievskogo and Nikolaev, from there it took the builders of the palace Potocki.
Unfortunately, we lost some of the technology applied in the construction of buildings of the late XIX" beginning of XX century. In particular, the stone casting technology. This is the main entrance portico, over which is a terrace, capitals, the entire decoration, heraldry, etc. Concrete casting" a mere apology, though it is also an artificial stone.
Potocki Palace is filled with decorative ornaments. Walls finished in deep and shallow Rust. Eaves, sandriks, framing walls and windows are made of artificial stone. Over 120 years of exploitation of the building has received a lot of damage. During the current repairs did not take them for their recovery. Damaged parts zashtukaturivali or paint. Now restorers are going to restore their original form.
As told Eugene Sobolewski, restorers examined the condition of the building, its facade. This is a mandatory requirement in the recovery of any memory. Fortunately, the walls are not so often painted, so the restorers to quickly find a color that allows to repeat the old color of the building. If you follow the color names the company Caparole, it would be "Marks" number 14. More popularly, this color can be attributed to light ocher 'scheme.
When asked about the uniqueness of the work undertaken Eugene Sobolewski said that they are no different from others.The difficulty in their complexity and extremely tight deadlines. "We are asked to pass the object before the beginning of October," he says, "Although these activities require much more time. By the monument after twenty years no one will touch."
In the meantime, architects, builders and restorers busy with their problems, the general contractor and the customer" Capital Construction executive committee" looking for funds to complete the reconstruction. Almost a year no one has funded them, the contractor worked on enthusiasm. Financial side commented on the deputy head of Peter Haba:
- Draft project of reconstruction of the palace Potocki was developed back in 1998. The cost of all the work amounted to 14 million 995.8 thousand UAH. Every year with the complexity of tasks, this amount has increased and now amounts to 24 mln. In 2000 and 2001 at the site, work continued on the removal of him from the emergency condition. Total for this purpose provided 4 million 825 thousand UAH., Financed 4 million 367 thousand UAH. At the same time initiated repair reduc-tional work on replacing the roof, restoration of facades, fences and laying of utilities, landscaping. Working Documentation" the final stage. If we discard the value of certain facilities that are not included in the agreed draft of the present work, for their completion and delivery of the palace in the operation to another 6 million 447 thousand gri. Regarding the allocation of the missing funds, we enlisted the help of local administration, the city council of Lviv and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
.Karmanova I. Reconstruction of buildings and facilities / construction and reconstruction. . September 13, 2001 (в„– 9). S. 32
Kievgiprotrans, NIISK
History
Kiev railway station was the first major railway station, built in the Soviet Union after the revolution. Located near the center of the city on a hill, for r.Lybed, and its large volume closes perspective Kominterna.
Author of the project" arch. A. Verbitsky, design engineers" KN Ratushinskaya, AP Rakovitsan. In a closed competition to design the station participated famous Ukrainian and Russian architects PF Aleshin, ANBeketov, A. M. Verbitsky, brothers Vesnin, D. M. Dyachenko, AV Kobelev, VA Shchuko, AV Shchusev and other design and construction work performed specially created organization Vokzalstroy "South-Western Railway. Bookmark the building was held November 7, 1927 at the site of the old station, built in 1868-1870 years. The first phase became operational in February 1932
During the war the station was partially destroyed after the war" restored. In 1954-1955. laid pedestrian tunnel from the Train Station Square to the platforms in the years 1967-1969. erected a canopy over the first platform, and two initial transition to the second floor level replaced by a large waiting room with exits to the platforms.
Station was calculated on 72 pairs of trains and 40,000 passengers per day. The bulk has a common symmetric composition, which focuses" The lobby area of the administration of more than 1200 m2 and a height of 31.9 m. The total height of the central volume of the facade" 37 m
The building was constructed on the basis of frame structural system. Frame" Of reinforced concrete, filling" breeze block. Above the first floor are made of reinforced concrete monolithic beamless floors. On the front face large, semi-elliptical shape skylights vestibule width of about 20 m.
It is believed that a monumental architectural and artistic image of the station organically intertwined modernized traditional Ukrainian baroque style with elements of constructivism.Due to the placement and nature of the overall composition of the building is perceived and remembered as a kind of huge triumphal arches at the entrance to the city.
Objects of reconstruction and new construction
Reinforced concrete during construction of the station has been little studied material, the technology of its production and construction of large-scale construction was at its infancy. The strength of concrete and reinforcement were quite low compared to the used in our time. Preliminary surveys have shown that a number of responsible supporting structures of the basement and first floor are in poor condition. These factors have led to a decision on the reconstruction of Kiev-Passenger station. At the same time, it was decided to hold a range of works to improve the structure of the station and the construction of new facilities.
In the reconstruction of facilities included:
" building of the main station;
" Complex regional park, including the building of the suburban railway station;
" development puteynogo economy;
" the western and eastern pedestrian tunnels;
" Concourse.
Objects of the new construction:
" station building at 2500 passengers from Solomenka, including Concourse;
" luggage and a parking lot by Solomenka;
" avtopodezd from the street. Tolstoy on the station square the main station with underground parking;
" Pavilion suburban cass on both sides of the station square with a device controlled walkways on the North platform;
" station church by Solomenka.
Reconstruction of the central station building
For space-planning and construction solutions for the building is divided into central and lateral parts, extensions, underground structures.
The central part is the spatial three-hinged arch structure made of reinforced concrete span of 31.3 m, with a step arches 9,5 m and a height above ground of the arch 31,9 m.Section arches" rectangular width of 1160 mm and a height of 1180-2000 mm. Overlap of the basement ribbed reinforced concrete. Lateral parts are 2-3-storey frame structure with a basement.
Large-scale reconstruction of the station was launched in January 2001, the designer of the reconstruction" Institute Kievgiprotrans. Survey work of building structures, assessing their carrying capacity and developing technical solutions to enhance fulfilled NIISK.
Highlights of the renovation of the central station:
" conduct detailed studies and implementation of the need to strengthen the building bearing structures;
" replanning of the main passenger and premises in order to clear functional division of space in the area of destination: the distribution of passenger traffic in the middle of the station (the lobby), the station platform to ramp park (Concourse), operating (cash desks, lockers, etc.), waiting rooms ; administrative offices and amenities;
" device escalators from the lobby distributing station on Concourse;
" replacement and upgrading of existing technological systems (communications, computer, alarm, etc.);
" establishment of the center ASU engineering equipment of the station;
" replacement of the old internal engineering systems and equipment to modern;
" device canopies above the platforms ramp park.
The project provides for engineering support of the main station with modern heating, ventilation, air conditioning, water supply, sewerage, electricity, telecommunications, automatic fire alarm and fire suppression.
In order to reduce the cost of energy, renewal of engineering equipment, improve its reliability and efficiency, a modern working environment and safety staff at all facilities provided for the modern system of dispatching and automatic control engineering.
Survey and strengthening of building structures
Analysis of the survey results showed that almost 90% of the basement columns, about 60% of the columns of the first floor, a third area of overlap under the central lobby, and 20% of the floor above the basement require amplification.Major structural damage" delamination and pluck the protective layer of concrete, plate corrosion of the working reinforcement (longitudinal and transverse) with a decrease in cross-sectional area of bars to 100%, the presence of normal and inclined cracks wide opening up to 5 mm, the deflection of up to 15 cm and buckling of truss elements of the roof and runs from the rail . As a result, load-bearing capacity of structures in different locations is reduced from 10% to 30%. A number of structures located in a dangerous condition.
Experts NIISK for reinforcement was used an integrated approach. In the three-dimensional computer model, the effort in the elements of the system in accordance with their redistribution. Then completed an assessment of the carrying capacity of each element of the space system in accordance with their actual status, if the efforts of outside influences exceed 0,9 bearing capacity, to develop design solutions for their strengthening. Damaged structures intensified the full design load, or replaced with new ones. Reinforced concrete structures basement, do not require amplification, defended the additional (up to 50 mm) layer of fine concrete class B15, deposited on a metal grid. This will significantly reduce the rate of corrosion of reinforcement.
All these activities are carried out on the basis that the safe operation of the building should be carried out within 50 years.
Restoration of the brick walls with the use of polymers
Effective ways of strengthening masonry structures
In the Kharkiv State Technical University of Construction and Architecture (HGTUSA) developed and implemented a way to strengthen the local stone structures prestressed wire inside the masonry with the previous injection and zachekankoy cracks polymer compositions.
Cracks in masonry clearing, dust extraction, after which they intravenous polymer composition, and the cracks of considerable width of disclosure" zachekanivayut polymer solution.For the injection can be used injector with a removable container for the polymer composition, developed in HGTUSA. As capacity use disposable bottles made of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. After that, a crack in a damaged brick or vertical joints by local internal compression.
In the case of passing the vertical cracks on the mortar seam at the site of two adjacent bricks (on both sides of the crack), clearing the two horizontal and two vertical mortar joints to a depth of 50 mm. They were then wrapped with 5-6 turns of wire knitting, and then between the turns of wire and bricks drive a wedge of scrap steel bars with a diameter of 6-8 mm. Because of this operation creates a local pre-reduction. After the operation the injection and compression fracture and carved joints zachekanivayutsya to a depth of solution, which is chosen to meet the requirements of its color and texture of identity with the restored masonry. For better adhesion of the polymer solution with the operation performed during the gelatinization of the latter. Local compression performed every 2-3 rows of masonry along the crack.
To further strengthen the masonry after the injection and zachekanki to the outside of the bricks, which are passed through a crack in layers priformovyvaetsya 2-3 band fiberglass impregnated with a polymer composition. Glass should not go beyond the outer surface of the brick. After hardening the surface of glass can be painted perchlorvinyl paint the color of brick. Glass plays the role of reinforcement, the perceiver tensile loads. Steklozhgut can also be used instead of steel reinforcement. To avoid tension steel fittings and fiberglass in depth should be placed in the core section of the amplified rock.
The best on the basis of adhesion and processability of polymer compositions for injection, as well as for fiberglass and polimerrastvora may be epoxy resin ED-20 and ED-22.To increase the firm" and approximation properties of thermal expansion of masonry and polymer solution in the messages injected filler" cement with sand and (or) trimming fiberglass.
Provided the technology successfully used in Kharkov during the restoration, reconstruction, strengthening the brick walls of buildings and structures.
An effective system of impregnating brick walls and cement floors.
The laboratory technology NIISK during the past five years, are working on the application of various polymer dispersions to give the new surface properties of various building materials. To work used a variety of polymer dispersion produced by "Wackeg", "Clariant", "Rhodia", etc. We used mono-and copolymers of styrene, acrylic, butadiene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and ethylene vinillaurita. Particle size of these dispersions in the range of 0,02 to 0,3 mm. Use only water-soluble dispersion.
By combining different polymers are developed and implemented various systems for surface treatment materials. The systems of soaking the outer walls of the silicate and ceramic bricks to prevent the appearance of efflorescence, which increase strength, frost resistance and durability of brick and improve the aesthetic quality of bricks. In addition, the technique of elimination of existing efflorescence.
Similar systems are designed to handle facings of artificial and natural (granite, sandstone, slate, etc.) stone.
Polymer compositions are also used for processing cement floors. In this case, eliminated dust generation, significantly reduced Abrasion resistance and water absorption of the sexes. Polymer compositions used as colorless and pigmented.
Developments NIISK were applied to the objects being built DSK-1, the renovation of the building to the Embassy of the Vatican, during the construction of parking concern "Screen" and other sites.Operating experience for 3-4 years has confirmed the high quality of polymer impregnations.
Restoration of stone walls with the Deformed
application of polymeric materials
Experts Zaporozhye Branch NIISK was performed strengthening the walls of the building of the plant JSC Dneprospetsstal, which was maintained for more than 65 years in conditions unfavorable for its construction. The walls were made of different materials: calcium silicate and ceramic brick (80%), some parts of the walls of cinder blocks or limestone (15%). In some narrow spaces between the first floor were inserts of reinforced concrete elements (5%).
Application of Dr. & #. |
